16.08.2024 CONGRATULATIONS ON THE 85th ANNIVERSARY from colleagues in the Theordep of the P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute
To Boris L’vovich Altshuler, our fellow physicist, unbending fighter for human rights, friend of children and people -- on reaching the age of eighty-five and other achievements.
Boris L’vovich completed his diploma work in 1962 in the Theoretical Department of the Lebedev Physical Institute under the supervision of Vladimir Yakovlevich Fainberg. However, in those infamous times, people with names like Boris L’vovich's were not accepted into the Lebedev Physical Institute graduate school, and his place of work became the Institute of Current Sources, which was not bad, however, where he wrote his best work, "The Integral Form of Einstein's Equations and the Covariant Formulation of Mach's Principle" -- as befits a physicist -- before the age of thirty. He defended it as a candidate's dissertation in 1969 at the Lebedev Physical Institute Academic Council. Receiving a candidate's degree turned into a drama, however, since the accompanying salary increase of twenty rubles led to the elimination of free attendance at work - after all, money had to be worked off, and what did you expect? And then B.L. quit the Institute of Current Sources and began to earn his living by teaching.
But he was not destined to stay there. Beginning in the seventies, he chose "the glorious path, the loud name of the people's defender" and ended up in the attention of the KGB for writing statements voiced by "hostile "voices" in defense of arrested dissidents and Jewish refuseniks, friendship with A.D. Sakharov and E.G. Bonner, which awarded him the Secret Services nickname "Chameleon". And at the same time they fired him from his job as a teacher, with the accompanying threats and accusations of anti-Soviet activities. His arrest was avoided thanks to the broad support of Western scientists, initiated by the living abroad fellow students from the Physics Department of Moscow University, by the Committee of Concerned Scientists, by the APS Committee on International Freedom of Scientists, and famous John Archibald Wheeler, who had previously highly estimated the above-mentioned first work of B.L
And then B.L. moves on to realizing the dream of the already mentioned Einstein, who believed that a theoretical physicist should perform some easy but obviously useful work, like that of a lighthouse keeper, and spend the rest of his time engaged in scientific research. There was no lighthouse nearby, and B.L. was hired as a janitor. From this position, already in modern times, with an excellent job description written by the director of the Housing and Maintenance Office, B.L. Altshuler was appointed on July 1, 1987, to the position of senior research fellow where he was supposed to be - in the Theoretical Department named after I.E. Tamm of the Lebedev Physical Institute. It should be explained that this happened on the initiative of A.D. Sakharov, who had returned from exile.
There are still many years of fruitful scientific work ahead. The latest publication to date was in July 2024 in the journal Physical Review D, reported by the author also at a conference in honor of the centenary of E.S. Fradkin, is devoted to the discussion of the geometric origin of three generations of fermions and the hierarchy of their masses in the theory of supergravity. B. L. Altshuler has several doubles, indistinguishable by automatic data collection systems, operating in a number of universities from the USA to South Korea. Their collective Hirsch index is off the charts at over 70, and the number of citations is approaching 22 thousand. In the post-perestroika period, Boris Lvovich as a human rights activist is back on top, but this is no longer a feat, especially since he tries himself and calls on others to enter into the "difficult situation" of the authorities until the very last opportunity, on the verge of impossibility. Just pay attention to how he, young, looks at himself today (Fig. 1).
He is the Chairman of the Board of the ROO "Right of the Child" (since 1996), a member of the (now disbanded by authorities and transformed by its members to the Russian Helsinki Group) Moscow Helsinki Group (since 1995), a member of the Public Chamber of the Russian Federation (2010-2014), a member of the Public Council under the Ministry of Construction and Housing and Communal Services of the Russian Federation (2014-2020). In 2019, the All-Russian Organization of Parents of Disabled Children awarded him the "Parental Thank You" award. In 2014, B.L. Altshuler was awarded the Andrei Sakharov Prize of the American Physical Society "For long-term struggle in defense of democracy in Russia and for activities to protect the rights of children." In 2009, the Federation of Jewish Communities of Russia, a centralized religious organization of Orthodox Judaism, awarded him the title of "Person of the Year - 5769 (from the creation of the world)", later renamed the "Fiddler on the Roof" award. Fig. 2, 3 Boris L’vovich is the author of books and compiler of collections about the life of A.D. Sakharov, editor of a collection of his scientific works on physics. In parting words to Boris L’vovich for his next anniversaries, we wish him new achievements and prudence: be careful, you are not eighty-four anymore, take care of yourself.